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Direct Connected Geared Traction
Machines
A number of early elevating
innovations were to regain their popularity in modern times; the traction
drive was first developed as an adjunct to a steam-driven mine hoist.
The modern traction machine was more compact than the drum machine, just
as the latter had taken up much less space than the roped hydraulic drive.
As buildings became taller, the amount of hoist cable wound around the
drum became lengthier and the drum wider, with the lead of the single
or dual hoist ropes shifting from one side to the other. On the other
hand, the traction drum was narrow, and the lead from the greater number
of hoist ropes always remained straight and centered. A problem with the
traction drive was rope slippage in the drum grooves. Calculations
were developed for carefully formed grooves and for the proper sized rope
of the correct metal composition and construction. Rope became an even
more important accessory. Slippage had a benefit; if a car or counterweight
overran a terminal, the slippage in the traction sheave would eliminate
the kind of damage that would occur with a drum type should the car or
counterweight strike the overhead and the ropes be pulled out of their
sockets. Without the manual terminal stops built into the water hydraulic
and electric drum machines, a greater reliance was placed upon electrically
operated directional and final limit switches placed appropriately in
the hoistway.
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